Compare how language Free Essays

Contrast how language is utilized with investigate thoughts and emotions in ‘Checking out me History’ and one other sonnet from the Anthology. By dordafaye Compare how language is utilized to investigate thoughts and sentiments in ‘Checking out me History and one other sonnet from the Anthology. Looking at me History is a sonnet about a Caribbean man’s dissatisfaction at the instructing of history-he accepts that he is just educated about white verifiable figures and contends that some significant dark symbols are dismissed. We will compose a custom paper test on Look at how language or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now He contends for more opportunity to find out about symbols from different societies reflecting multi-social society all the more precisely. Singh Song is a sonnet composed from the viewpoint of a recently marry Indian shop-laborer in Britain, and educates the peruser concerning his relationship with his lady and how this influences his work. The sonnet investigates thoughts regarding social character especially taking a gander at how ethnic societies fit into Western (British) society. In ‘Checking out me History John Agard utilizes a Caribbean lingo â€Å"lick back†, and phonetic spelling â€Å"dem†¦ dat† which mirrors the Caribbean emphasize, to make an unmistakable character voice. He does this to accentuate that he is a dark Caribbean man and thusly the issues he investigates are significant and individual to him. Agard is in certainty half Guyanese thus the character of the sonnet could in truth be him; this could be auto-personal. ‘Singh tune is comparable in that DalJit Nagra utilizes phonetic spelling â€Å"My vife is on di web† to mirror an Indian intonation, and uses some hilarious instances of language ‘lost in translation’, for example, â€Å"at di cheddar ov her price†. Like Agard, Nagra utilizes a Voice’ which is straightforwardly connected to his own, as he is a British conceived Punjabi Indian, and the character talks in what is alluded to as ‘Punglish’ a Punjabi impacted adaptation of standard English. The tone of the two sonnets is totally different ‘Checking ut me History has an irate and negative tone. He is utilizing the tongue and highlight to accentuate how unique dark Caribbean is from white British. The decision to write in non-standard English maybe mirrors his dissatisfaction with the possibility of ‘standard English’-connecting to his social character. He rehashes the expression â€Å"dem never tell me† which underscores that the denounced â€Å"dem† are retaining significant data, and denying him of something. He coordinates his sonnet at â€Å"dem†-an anonymous power who he guarantees are leaving him in the allegorical dull: â€Å"Blind me to me own identity’. We can expect that â€Å"dem† are white individuals that choose the educational plan, and the storyteller feels show a very enraptured perspective on history; you could state he is attempting to show that they mistreat him, a thought which is fuelled by the pictures of bondage and persecution of individuals of color by others, and of break: â€Å"freedom river†, that he portrays in his depictions of his saints. The way that he doesn’t give â€Å"dem† names recommends he doesn’t think decidedly of them; they don’t merit a name. He Juxtaposes white symbols with dark symbols, and regularly the white symbols or chronicles are ludicrous Dick Whittington and ne cat† or connected to war and hostility â€Å"Lord Nelson and Waterloo†. This has the impact of making the dark symbols he makes reference to appear to be increasingly significant and great â€Å"Toussaint a slave with vision†. The introduction of the sonnet drives this thought further-as the dark symbols are written in italics, while the white symbols are written in ‘normal’ textual style. This could be critical as regularly writing utilizes italics to worry of underscore a word inside a sentence, he is maybe attempting to introduce his history decisions as significant as opposed to â€Å"dem’s† decisions. In any case, ou could state that there are certain minutes in the sonnet when he is depicting the individuals he might want to find out about he seems as if he is motivated, utilizing descriptors like â€Å"see-far† and action words, for example, â€Å"struggle†¦ brave† to show his appreciation. His portrayals of the dark authentic symbols utilize positive symbolism alluding to opportunity â€Å"hopeful stream to opportunity river† from bondage, and of positive good examples â€Å"A recuperating star†¦ a yellow sunrise†. At the point when he portray the white fgures he is educated about he is matter-of-truth and exceptionally compact, however examines the dark figures in longer and progressively expressive detail. His portrayals of dark symbols are likewise free’ from rhyme plans, upholding the topic of opportunity which runs all through. ‘Singh Song has a general positive and Jolly tone. Nagra utilizes phonetic spelling and mis-interpretations in an interesting manner. He manufactures what may be known as a ‘stereotypical’ picture of an Indian man. The generalization is appeared in that: he runs a corner shop, he eats Indian food â€Å"chapatti†¦ chutney’ and he lives in a ‘indian’ zone â€Å"di entire Indian road†. Be that as it may, as opposed to being furious about being a generalization, the character is cheerful and content. When non-standard English is utilized, it isn’t essentially purposeful or rying to make a point like in ‘Checking out me History which I think powers a phonetic contrast to make an environment of them’ versus ‘me (the narrator)’. I do at present imagine that Nagra is attempting to discredit the generalization inconspicuously, and show that them’ and ‘me’ can be agreeable. He does this for the most part through the character of the bride’ who is incredibly untraditional â€Å"effing at my mum†¦ falter like a drunk†¦ a red team cut†, yet is as yet associated with her Indian culture: â€Å"in all di shades of Punjabi†¦ sari†. She is a more ‘modern’ and westernized portrayal of an Indian lady. The most effective method to refer to Compare how language, Papers

Should life imprisonment without the possibility of parole replace the Research Paper

Should life detainment without the chance of parole supplant capital punishment in California - Research Paper Example Advocates of the Death punishment accept that individuals dread demise and if passing is the discipline for slaughtering somebody, they would forgo it. They accept that so as to have an only framework set up where the victim’s family is put to ease it is critical to have tit for tat approach. The criminal is blameworthy of taking someone’s life so he is subject to surrender his. On the off chance that the individual is intellectually shaky to have done so it makes him increasingly perilous to the society’s prosperity and killing him is the best way to guarantee such wrongdoings don't occur through his hands once more. Be that as it may, rivals of capital punishment have a solid perspective too. They accept that each life is valuable and shouldn’t be abandoned. On the off chance that ending a life is a wrongdoing, nobody ought to be permitted to do it, including the administration. On the off chance that a criminal is blameworthy perpetrating of capital offense he ought to exposed to disciplines that remove his life metaphorically, not actually. Additionally, many accept that removing a criminal’s life is excessively simple on him, the genuine discipline would be him having a hard existence that prologs his sufferings for the wrongdoing he perpetrated. Executing a capital punishment is exorbitant for the legislatures as such cases are pursued for quite a while bringing about jury consumptions and security courses of action for the courts. In conclusion and in particular, it is ethically off-base to end an actual existence to stop violations when a similar reason can be accomplished th rough different methods adequately like existence without the chance for further appeal. The implementation of capital punishment is exceptionally subject to the society’s develop and the popular assessment (Wood 63). On the off chance that a general public holds solid political and ideological intrigue, all things considered, capital offenses are granted exacting disciplines like capital punishment to keep up the cultural parity and sacredness of its socio-political belief system. Furthermore, general sentiment is a determinant of having capital punishment set up. Where numerous individuals have a helpful methodology with a weakness for life when all is said in done, regardless of whether a convict’s or a victim’s, numerous individuals despite everything accept that capital punishment is the best way to keep wrongdoings at their insignificant and carry alleviation to the victims’ family. In the creating scene, capital punishment apparently is a functioni ng type of equity, however the created nations additionally make some hard memories putting it to an end. Undoubtedly, 31 states out of 52 states in the U.S. still practice capital punishment, including California. In 2006, the District Court judge pronounced that capital punishment was against the eighth amendment of the United States constitution that expresses that the government is obligated to forgo pitiless disciplines including torment and surprising disciplines. The then legislative leader of California, Arnold Schwarzenegger, took this affirmation

Relationship Formation - The Filter Model free essay sample

The Filter Model:This model expresses that connections experience three filters.These channels can be recognized as DAN. Segment, Attitudes, and Needs.Before we start sifting we look to the Field of Available. This incorporates all the individuals we might have a relationship with.The first channel is then Socio-Demographic Variables. Such factors incorporate comparative foundation, training, area and so forth. Individuals with various or inconsistent factors are sifted through at this point.The second channel is Similar Attitudes. Comparative perspectives help correspondence thus the more mentalities, convictions, and thoughts the couple share the more probable they are to shape and continue a relationship. Individuals with various or contrary perspectives are sifted through now. The third channel is Complimentary Needs. When the relationship is set up, commending every others needs gets one of the most significant elements. To consider the model, Kerkoff and Davies directed an investigation utilizing understudies in a relationship for year and a half. We will compose a custom paper test on Relationship Formation The Filter Model or on the other hand any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Utilizing self-report surveys, the investigation found that mentality likeness was the most significant factor for as long as year and a half, were commending every others needs turns into the most significant factor.The study utilized genuine couples thus has a part of commonplace realism.However, there are issues with this examination. Right off the bat, self-report polls are tricky as they are anything but difficult to lie on, or to distort information, or to get off-base as they regularly require review information. This implies the discoveries could be one-sided or off base. Individuals may likewise show social-allure predisposition, so as to paint their own connections in a superior light. The investigation supports the channel model by demonstrating that there are stages to a relationship and that these stages have particular markers. In any case, this model is imperfect. The socio-segment factors stage may not be as significant as the model makes out, with the ascent in web dating and furthermore significant distance connections, particularly in military families, not fitting in with the model.However, Sprecher directed another examination and found that couple coordinated in physical appeal, social foundation, and interests were bound to build up a drawn out relationship. This recommends the channel model is right concerning socio-segment factors. The channel model additionally neglects to clarify a great deal of individual contrasts, so this could represent the distinction in socio-segment factors. It additionally dismisses outside impact, social attractive quality, and it is thought to be an oblivious decision to enter a relationship with someone in particular. This evacuates a specific measure of the sentimental part of connections, rather demonstrating it to be more about comfort and advantage than any kind of adoring relationship. A significant number of the speculations around there appear to box off human feelings and end up being mechanical in nature; human feelings and connections are frequently more liquid and complex than this zone sees.

A Critical Approach To Barn Burning (by William Essay Example For Students

A Critical Approach To Barn Burning (by William Essay A Critical Approach To Barn Burning (by William Faulkner)Barn Burning is a tragic story since it unmistakably shows theclassical battle between the favored and the oppressed classes. On numerous occasions feelings of gloom surface from both the hero and theantagonist associated with the story. This story traces two unmistakable heroes and two distinctantagonists. The initial two are Colonel Sartoris Snopes (Sarty) and his fatherAbner Snopes (Ab). Sarty is the hero encircled by his fatherantagonism though Ab is the hero threatened by the social structure andthe battle that is forced on him and his family. The monetary status of the fundamental characters is poor, without trust ofimproving their condition, and helpless before a semi primitive framework in NorthAmerica during the late 1800s. Being a tenant farmer, Ab and his family had toshare half or 66% of the gather with the landowner and out of theirshare pay for the necessities of life. Because of this status, Ab and hisfamily know from the beginning what the future will hold difficult work for theirlandlord and unimportant endurance for them. No expectation for headway wins all through the story. Sarty, hisbrother and the twin sisters have no entrance to training, as they should spendtheir time working in the fields or at home performing familial obligations. Sustenance is inadequate with regards to He could smell the espresso from the room where they wouldpresently eat the cool food staying from the mid-evening feast (PARA. 55). As an outcome, unexpected frailty joined with deficient open door results inlow assurance. A confidence which the essayist is relating to the white collar class ofhis times that equivalent quality which in later years would cause his relatives toover-run the motor before kicking off an engine vehicle (PARA. 20)The Snope family figures out how to endure and look for some kind of employment. Notwithstanding, the workoffers minimal other than a possibility for endurance I figure Ill have a word withthe man that expects to start tomorrow claiming me body and soul for the following eightmonths (PARA 40). Like wanderers they had to move continually. Due toseasons and harvest revolution, so as to make sure about work they needed to hold land withdifferent landowners. Abs enthusiastic precariousness is a transcendent factor adding to hiserratic conduct all through the story. The family has moved multiple times fromfarm to cultivate, and now and again compelled to relinquish their concurrence with the landlorddue to Abs unsuitable conduct. A conduct which all through the story istransformed into a resistance, by Ab spreading the landowners cover with horsemanure and afterward suing him for charging him a lot for the harm. These actssymbolize disappointment with the framework and an extreme way to deal with defy it. Realizing that discipline couldn't be maintained a strategic distance from when submitting such acts, Absactions take on a progressively emotional importance as though he is attempting to pass on a message. He knows about the financial bad form and he should react even at the hazard ofhim and his family being indicted or excluded. Abs steady insubordination is shown by an unpleasant, harsh character andexemplified when he torches his proprietors horse shelter. He feels despair and loss,and dispenses harm to whomever he happens to be working for. In spite of the fact that the story fixates on the sentiments and contemplations of Abs youngestson Sarty, the financial ramifications of his whole family assume an indispensable job injustifying (not supporting) his dads conduct, which is the critical reasonfor Sartys dubious emotions on which the entire story is based. .uddc6a6ddf66ba0372aa1ef3ac663d8e9 , .uddc6a6ddf66ba0372aa1ef3ac663d8e9 .postImageUrl , .uddc6a6ddf66ba0372aa1ef3ac663d8e9 .focused content region { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .uddc6a6ddf66ba0372aa1ef3ac663d8e9 , .uddc6a6ddf66ba0372aa1ef3ac663d8e9:hover , .uddc6a6ddf66ba0372aa1ef3ac663d8e9:visited , .uddc6a6ddf66ba0372aa1ef3ac663d8e9:active { border:0!important; } .uddc6a6ddf66ba0372aa1ef3ac663d8e9 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .uddc6a6ddf66ba0372aa1ef3ac663d8e9 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; murkiness: 1; change: mistiness 250ms; webkit-change: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .uddc6a6ddf66ba0372aa1ef3ac663d8e9:active , .uddc6a6ddf66ba0372aa1ef3ac663d8e9:hover { obscurity: 1; change: darkness 250ms; webkit-change: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .uddc6a6ddf66ba0372aa1ef3ac663d8e9 .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relative; } .uddc6a6ddf66ba0372aa1ef3ac663d8e9 .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content enhancement: underline; } .uddc6a6ddf66ba0372aa1ef3ac663d8e9 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .uddc6a6ddf66ba0372aa1ef3ac663d8e9 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; fringe range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-stature: 26px; moz-outskirt sweep: 3px; content adjust: focus; content beautification: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: supreme; right: 0; top: 0; } .uddc6a6ddf66ba0372aa1ef3ac663d8e9:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .uddc6a6ddf66ba0 372aa1ef3ac663d8e9 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .uddc6a6ddf66ba0372aa1ef3ac663d8e9-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .uddc6a6ddf66ba0372aa1ef3ac663d8e9:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Family Values: Importance EssaySartys principle situation is his devotion to his family which impacts withhis dissatisfaction and stifled aversion of his own dad. He tends to hidehis emotions by denying the realities, our Enemy he however in that despair; ourn!mine and hisn both! Hes my Father! (PARA. 1) and The kid said nothing. Enemy!Enemy! he thought; for a second he was unable to try and see, couldn't see that theJustices face was compassionate. (PARA. 10). The storys passionate turns are unmistakably characterized by Sartys considerations andAbs activities. Sartys situation and Abs dissatisfactions ceaselessly snatch the reader,serving up a progression of genuinely loaded predicaments: Given the conditions ofthe story, is Abs outbuilding consuming defended? Ought to Sarty tell the proprietor thatAb was answerable for torching the outbuilding? Is the obsolete sociological Blaming the Victim hypothesis substantial? Is the lose-win game plan betweensharecropper and landowner an ethically adequate one?Burning a horse shelter or any demonstration

The Art of Receiving - Guest Post by Ann Murgatroyd-Soe

The Art of Receiving - Guest Post by Ann Murgatroyd-Soe A few weeks ago, I went to my spinal care practitioner and asked her to check some pain I’ve been having in my wrist. After completing some physical adjustments to my arm, she said, “Remember to receive. You don’t need to push all the time. Just receive.” Receiving is not something I’ve historically been great at, but I’m inspired to do more of it. That’s why I was particularly inspired by the following article by a woman leader in my community. I think you’ll be inspired too by her vulnerability and willingness to receive, when she has always been the “strong” one. When the Helper Needs Help Christie and I talk and teach often about The Art of Receiving. Most of us tend to be great givers, but we struggle with receiving.  Christie and I had just decided this would be the playshop we would be holding for our travel tribe on this trip-little did we both know how we would personally be in the need to receive on this trip! We were coming off an amazing, deeply spiritual sunrise ceremony on the sacred Ganges River.  I was in an open, loving, peaceful state as we entered the streets of Varanasi, where my senses were overtaken by the sheer magnitude of people, sounds, uncontrolled traffic speeding within inches of us, the unrelenting pace and push of the street vendors and people seemingly in need at such a level that I had never witnessed before.  We had been advised not to bring out money and had been “prepped” for what we would see and experience, but I was still completely overwhelmed in both heart and mind. My love and I were approached by a woman with a baby that appeared lethargic in her arms.  She cried and pleaded with us over and over for money for food. I tried to keep moving and look ahead for safety as we were instructed to do.  The sound of her pleading and of Joel having to say over and over he was sorry but couldn’t stop or help was just more than my heart could take. In my thoughts there was no acceptable answer or action.  If it was the truth, she and her baby were in such need and we wanted to help.  If it was that she was being exploited by men who would then collect all the money or objects she was given it was a terrible abuse and we would be enabling if we reached out. There was no way in that moment we could help.  The helper in me was devastated.  The thoughts hit me so hard I was literally stunned. I had a completely unexpected, shake me to my core, break my heart open, can’t process fast enough, can’t breathe, can’t, can’t, can’t moment on the streets of Varanasi.  I could feel the breath leaving my body and the sights and sounds begin to dim around me. I called out to Joel as we got separated and my arm got lightly clipped by a passing motorcycle. He thought I was just asking him to walk with me so he stayed his helpful course.  It was the last straw and I burst into tears calling out to him loudly that I couldn’t make it, that I wasn’t okay. Here I was, the helper, the facilitator, the leader, in such a state of vulnerability and overload that I couldn’t get my breath or my bearings. I was quickly wrapped in the safety of Joel’s arms and in the love of several of my travel companions who approached gently from behind and let me know they were right there with me. I let myself be held and protected for the rest of that long walk back to our bus. As I was crying and trying to catch my breath a young man came up likely to sell to us but he saw my pain and didn’t.  He asked Joel several times, “Why is your wife sad, why is she crying?” Joel’s reply as he held me tight and kept walking was “She is just a little sad, a little overwhelmed.” I will never forget what that young man said next and it was what quite literally brought my breath back and helped me regain my strength.  â€œYou are a very lucky man, your wife has the most beautiful, loving heart.”  This is the core of love in the people that we saw and experienced over and over on our journey through India. Back at our hotel, I was feeling embarrassed. I thought I had let others down. I found myself starting to apologize but was quickly met with another opportunity to receive. This is just a bit of what I heard:  â€œNo need for sorry.  You were just in complete compassion in that moment.”  â€œIt was beautiful how much your heart felt.”  â€œNo need to apologize, you were just the one to express and release what all of us were feeling in that street today.” This was a life-changing lesson in the Art of Receiving for me and this Helper has learned on an even deeper level how to open herself to help. Ann Murgatroyd-Soe, Hot Pink University When’s the last time you found yourself apologizing for having your feelings or showing your weakness? To me, the ability to show this level of vulnerability is a true strength. As you venture further into the year 2016, I encourage you to find your own opportunities to receive. I think you’ll find that the people around you are more than willing to give.

Organizational Design And HRM Tel Comm Tek - Free Essay Example

In this paper, I shall be discussing the relevance of organizational design and human resource management for a company engaged in foreign operations and management. Utilizing the case entitled Tel Comm Tek, relevant issues in terms of recognizing strategies in terms of understanding the organization of a global company through the maximization of human resource management will be discussed. As for the case of Tel Comm Tek, a resolution after a thorough consideration of available data will be answered in line with the relevant concepts related to organizational and human resource management for a global company. Significant and substantial research from both online and electronic internet resources was sourced to provide discussions for this paper. As a further recommendation, this research will pave the way to a further discussion on detailed effects of globalization in as far as the issues of human resource and organizational development is concerned. Keywords: globa lization, human resource management, organizational design, global company, culture, technical skills, adaptability, leadership skills CASE ANALYSIS: TEL COMM TEK Case Analysis: Tel Comm Tek Introduction Tel Comm Tek or TCT Indian has become one of the most promising and highly potential international subsidiaries of TCT. As a manufacturer of a variety of small office equipment in nine different countries such as copying machines, dictation units, laser printers, and paper-shredders worldwide with reported sales in more than 70 countries, TCT India has reported a significant growth in terms of sales in India because of the boom in information-technology since its establishment in the 1980s. Despite of the economic, environmental, and cultural factors affecting the operation of TCT in India, TCT India has remained strong primarily due to the booming information-technology industry in India as well as the initiatives of government in promoting business within the country. However, political and economic issues still remain as significant threats to the company. In May 2010, TCT India Managing Director Mark Hopkins, has tendered his resignation with the intention to return home in his hometown in Vermont. As an expatriate executive, Hopkins was able to oversee operations that lead to a steady growth in market share and profitability of TCT in India. This eventually triggered a replacement search for the Indian operations where six qualified employees were short listed to replace Mark Hopkins. They are Tom Wallace, a long-term executive of TCT in their US operations who has high technical skills but is expected to retire within the next four and a half years and is part of division that is expected to eliminate his position in the next six months; Brett Harrison, a high potential employee with good evaluations, exposure to operations, and experience and is well acquainted with Indias geography, politics, customs and outlooks; Atasi Das, a native of India who has good qualifications in terms of adaptiveness for being single and is quite ambitious and energetic because of her young age and background in international management; Ravi Desai, a young and experienced native of India who is experienced in Asian culture and is perceived to hold an executive position in the Indian operation; Jalan Bukit Seng, a Singaporean who has limited international operations background and who is not that familiar with US culture but has a high potential and intelligence in terms of leaning various languages; and Saumitra Chakraborty, the assistant of the resigning manager who is competent in terms of operational matters and excellent in customer relationship but lacks leadership experience despite of a strong network of contacts among private and government officials in India. In-Depth Analysis of Issues According to John Daniels, Lee Radebaugh and Daniel Sullivan, multi-national enterprises or MNEs face challenges in terms of staffing th e right personnel that can adapt to various circumstances facing the various frameworks of a global business in terms of dealing with the economic, environmental, cultural and political factors in the foreign countries that they are operating their business from this mean that MNEs are subject to major adjustments that requires flexibility in operating their own company and must consider factors that are commonly different from how they are operating in their home country. The degree of centralization is usually influenced by the pressures of global integration or the standardization based on how a company can be competitive and the pressures of local responsiveness wherein the company must be able to meet expectations of the country they are operating in order to operate smoothly and profitably (Daniels, Radebaugh, and Sullivan, 2011). Because of this, control is needed and properly planned in order to provide tools for the MNE to operate in a foreign company where organizational c ulture or the set of values and norms that is shared among employees and locals exist among its employees and the public where it is operating (Daniels, Radebaugh, and Sullivan, 2011). Because managerial functions facilitate the control and coordination of activities within and among departments and direct the acquisition of, investment in, and control of resources to improve the organizations ability to create value (Jones, 2004), HRM must be critical in the selection of appropriate individuals whom they think would be able to meet job expectations in as far as international operations is concerned. It is also the responsibility of HRM to define the organizational role or the set of task-related behaviors required of a person by his or her position an organization so as to fulfill their functions in providing the most qualified individuals for certain positions, most importantly, in a faraway subsidiary in a foreign country. Human resource management or HRM for a global compa ny is very important in as far as the provision of support to the company in terms of meeting its strategy by staffing the right person in the right job, in the right place, at the right time, and for the right salary (Daniels, Radebaugh, and Sullivan, 2011) through various means depending on the framework that the company is using in as far as corporate policies and strategies are concerned. HRM may consider whether the company is ethnocentric, polycentric, or geocentric in terms of choosing executives and employees that may either be locals, citizens of the countries in which they are working, or expatriates (Daniels, Radebaugh, and Sullivan, 2011). HRM must also look into the concepts of career choices if one decides to hire or appoint employees in crucial positions such as that of executives. As defined, a career is a sequence of positions occupied by a person during the course of a lifetime while the importance of career planning is important because the consequences of career success or failure are closely linked to an individuals self-concept and identity, as well as with career and life satisfaction (Cascio, 2005). HRM must also look on the views of career developments among individuals in terms of how they are focusing on themselves in terms of their career objectives, how the organization focus on individuals during entry, mid-career, and late career, as well as how this will contribute towards the maintenance and growth of the organization in terms of staffing the most competent person for this purpose (Cascio, 2005). Among the choices for the replacement of Mark Hopkins is the long-term executive of TCT Tom Wallace, who presently have the highest technical experience among the short listed employees. However, Wallace is expected to retire in the next four and a half years with a position expected to be eliminated after six months. Because the selection for an expatriate position considers the candidates technical competence, adaptiveness, and l eadership ability (Daniels, Radebaugh, and Sullivan, 2011), Tom Wallace would have an edge in terms of his experience in the technical and sales aspect of the job, experience in managing a plan of similar size, expression of interest in a foreign assignment, and adaptability because he already have grown children in the United States. However, it can be noted that Wallace and his wife might have difficulty in adapting with language because they only know how to speak English, as well as the possibility of having the possibility of resentment by local employees at TCT India. Additional cost in terms of teaching Wallace and his wife with the local language, additional trainings related to foreign operations, and additional motivational compensations may have to be considered if TCT appoints Wallace as Managing Director for TCT India. Brett Harrison, on the other hand, has high potential with good evaluations, exposure to operations, and experience. He is also well acquainted with I ndias geography, politics, customs and outlooks that are posed to move up to upper management. However, he may not view the Managing Director position as a promotion management and may have problems in terms of adaptiveness because of the present status of his family for having teenage children and a career-oriented wife who may not be able to relocate. Consequently, additional costs may be incurred in terms of motivational compensation and benefits as well as logistical expenses that would include the relocation of Harrisons family and settling them in India. Atasi Das, on the other hand, is a native of India who has good qualifications in terms of adaptiveness for being single and is quite ambitious and energetic because of her young age and background in international management. Her experience in both staff and line positions would help her adjust to the operations of TCT India. However, this offers a logistical and career management transition for the HRM of TCT India given that she needs to be trained in terms of advancement of work-related responsibilities from being a mere staff and line employee to being promoted as a Managing Director in India. Similarly, Ravi Desai, is a young and experienced native of India who is experienced in Asian culture and is perceived to hold an executive position in the Indian operation who happens to be an Assistant Managing Director in a larger Asian operation of TCT. He speaks both English and Hindi fluently. However, he has a large family with four children and needs to be trained and offered with high motivational compensation and benefits as part of his promotional assignment. TCT needs to offer him with advanced work with local management in order to have a smooth transition and be able to establish coherence among the existing employees in TCT India. As for the case of Jalan Bukit Seng, who is a Singaporean with limited international operations background, is not that familiar with the US culture but has a high potential and intelligence in terms of leaning various languages. He has a high advantage in terms of the required technical skills and would be able to adapt because of his intelligence in terms of the ability of know various language easily. However, TCT needs to invest for his orientation and language training as well as spend travel exposures to other similar operations to compensate for his lack of international operations background. Finally, Saumitra Chaka may have the required technical and adaptive factors as a Managing Director being the assistant of the resigning manager who is competent in terms of operational matters and excellent in customer relationship. However, Chaka lacks leadership experience despite of a strong network of contacts among private and government officials in India. He has a good performance evaluation as Assistant Managing Director in TCT India with no problems in terms of language proficiency. However, his age and experience would entail t he provision of staff assistance from headquarters, as well as the provision of technical training and development in order to compensate for such lack of experience. Conclusion and Recommendations Based on the critical analysis of the issues of this case, it can be recommended that Ravi Desai would have the highest qualifications required for the job in terms of technical competence, adaptiveness, and leadership skills because of her age, experiences, and proficiency as a native of India. These factors would give him an edge among the other short listed employees given his familiarity with the operations as an Assistant Managing Director of a larger subsidiary where he has learned the technical knowledge needed for the job and the leadership skills needed for being a member of the management team of the company. Because he is a native of India who knows both English and Hindi fluently, he would be able to meet the requirements in cases where the company may appoint an expatri ate or local as a mixture of the polycentric and geocentric frameworks (Daniels, Radebaugh, and Sullivan, 2011) in appointing people for certain positions in a company. Because appointing locals than expatriates would be advantageous because locals better understand local operations with lesser compensation, organizations may also show to the foreign country their relevance in terms of demonstrating the availability of opportunities for local citizens, showing of consideration for local interests, and with lesser investments as compared to relocating expatriates to the foreign country of operations (Daniels, Radebaugh, and Sullivan, 2011). As an alternative, TCT India can also appoint Saumitra Chaka for being the current Assistant Managing Director of TCT India but would need to allocate additional budget in terms of the provision of staff assistance from headquarters, as well as the provision of technical training and development in order to compensate for his lack of experience . If this would not be possible, a third resort is to appoint Jalan Bukit Seng, because of his technical skills and ability to adapt to both culture and language at TCT India. However, the opportunity cost for this option is to invest for his needed orientation and language training as well as travel exposures to other similar operations to compensate for his lack of international operations background. Reflections A global manager is not far different from being a manager of a local domestic or multi-domestic firm where the similarities related to management functions are present. This can be related to the technical and leadership skills needed for a manager in as far as how such management functions of planning, hiring, training, directing, and evaluating is concerned. However, the only difference is the ability of the manager to adapt to the economic, political and economic environments of the foreign country where he or she is managing. More so, the crucial role in ter ms of human resource management is relevant in as far as achieving the organizations strategies is involved. HRM must be able to know the relevance of career transitions for both the individual and the company. More so, HRM must be successful in terms of choosing the most qualified and competent individual to fill important executive positions for the company. If managers would not have the necessary skills in terms of technical knowledge of both production and business management, then the effectiveness of such position would not translate to the general objectives and directions of the company. Finally, if a manager would not have the ability to adapt to the culture and attitudes of local employees in order to perform his leadership skills, then the operations of a company would not be as successful as intended.

Political Machines And Political Power - 1086 Words

Political Machines Political Machine is a term given to an unofficial organization designed to keep a certain political party or political group in power. Although Political Machines were originally designed for positive actions, a group of political leaders turned this positive intention into devastating corruption. As power was put into the wrong hands, large cities of the United States were put in jeopardy. Political Machines caused corruption in the larger cities and states of the United States, especially New York. Political machines are an unofficial city organization designed to keep a certain boss or group in power. Political Machines were designed to create organization, but as the machines came in the picture the political†¦show more content†¦The phrase â€Å"vote early and often† started in this era. â€Å"In most years between 1865 and 1930, Patronage Machines ruled many large states of America such as, Minneapolis, Pittsburg, Los Angeles, St. Louis, Detroit, Chicago, Philadelphia, New Orleans, and New York† (Reid). For example, according to Steffens, â€Å"one of the most significant early muckraking stories happened here in Minneapolis, and although it is sometimes overlooked in the general journalism histories of the time, it remains important to our understanding of how the field evolved†. â€Å"Fifteen of the seventeen united state’s senators were Republicans, and both Pittsburgh and Philadelphia were controlled by powerful and long-lived Republican city â€Å"machines† (Pennsylvania). Chicago had one of the longest lasting histories of the use of Political Machines. â€Å" In some areas, Political Machines, such as Chicago’s Democratic Party organization continued to be important until the 1970’s.† Although these states we re all controlled by Political Machines, New York’s city hall, Tammany Hall, was the most affected. During this time period, â€Å"reformers opposed the machine, calling for such improvements as civil service test for jobs, closer control over how the city spent its money and watching the polls on election day. Over time such reforms weakened the power of Political Machines† (Rosenfeld). Political Machines power waned during the tenure of New York City.† Mayor Fiorello La Guardia (1934-1945), and the

Franz Kafka an Artis Hungry for Pride - 867 Words

In Franz Kafka’s short story, â€Å"A Hunger Artist†, Kafka introduces an eccentric man known as the Hunger Artist. The Hunger Artist has committed his entire life to the art of fasting, allowing himself to be caged and displayed to the public as if he were a painting (Kafka 198). Despite all the emotional turmoil he endures, he takes a great amount of pride in fasting and believes that he can fast for extremely elongated periods (Kafka 200). Unfortunately, his pride not only causes internal conflicts but also tragically leads to his unfortunate demise (Kafka 205). Through the setting and the character development of the Hunger Artist, Kafka illuminates the dangers of self-pride and depicts pride as harmful and detrimental to one’s existence. Kafka utilizes the setting to show how the Hunger Artist is prideful and how this pride creates nothing but self-inflicted harm. Throughout the story, the Hunger Artist is always present in the confinements of a barred cage (Kafka 198). The cage separates him from the rest of society and allows him to show that because he is locked away he cannot possibly obtain any food that can disrupt his fasting. This physical barrier shows how the Hunger Artist wants to make it obvious that there is no possible way for him to search for food. He is pleased to know that he can restrict himself from such things. Within the cage, there is little furniture and dà ©cor. Only the â€Å"striking of the clock† exists in the cage to allow the Hunger Artist a sense ofShow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pageson airline passenger complaints—argue that low employee morale was a maj or factor undermining passenger satisfaction. At US Airways, employees have posted comments on blogs such as â€Å"Our planes (sic) smell filthy† and, from another, â€Å"How can I take pride in this product?†55 Job Satisfaction and Absenteeism We find a consistent negative relationship between satisfaction and absenteeism, but it is moderate to weak.56 While it certainly makes sense that dissatisfied employees are more likely to miss work

Immigration, The Land Of Opportunity For People - 1478 Words

Over hundreds of years, immigration has shaped America into who she is today. July 4, 1776, was the day immigrants first stepped onto North American soil and claimed the land as theirs. The impact of migration on a country this big can’t be ignored, especially because the people coming to live in America are usually from Third World countries and are looking for employment and to be shown a better way a life. Like anything else, there are both huge pros and cons to Third World immigration. Once, America was known as the land of opportunity for people anywhere in the world, however, Patrick Buchannan worries that America is allowing too many immigrants at a time which is preventing them to be assimilated properly into a culture. He fears†¦show more content†¦citizens. Rather than trying to adapt to our way of life, they’ve created their own way of life on Americas land. Laws have been changed in order to make the immigrants more comfortable in our society becau se they do not assimilate well. Mexicans are threatening our name and status as a country. Although in the past, Mexican shave serve in Americas wars next to American men, Now, Mexicans show hate towards Americans with hate crimes. In California, there is an abundance of Mexican aliens. Mario Obledo, president of the â€Å"League of United Latin American Citizens†, claims that California is going to be run by Mexicans and that if anyone doesn’t agree with it should move away. Buchannan uses this example to show how Mexicans show ignorance towards the American citizens, once Mexicans go past the border into our lands they immediately try to dominate our culture. Ben Wattenberg on the other hand disagrees, he believes that Mexicans and other Third World immigrants are actually likely to assimilate into our country. It is thought by many leading thinkers that we are now in a period of time that will alter history; a culture clash. It is predicted by 2050, America will be mostly nonwhite. In California, white people are considered the minority race. America is becoming a nation that represents all cultures. There are cities who believe having more immigrants will swamp America and its culture. Wattenberg disagrees, he supports his decision by mentioning that in aShow MoreRelatedEssay on Americans are Immigrants!1016 Words   |  5 Pages(American Immigration: Quotes about Immigration). Immigrants have been in America for many years now. Today many people have different opinions about whether immigrants should be allowed into America freely, or if there should be more harsh regulations to those coming into the country. 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The Chains That Bind By Bradybourassa - 1731 Words

FictionPress Just In Community Forum More The Chains That Bind by bradybourassa Fiction  » Fantasy Rated: T, English, Fantasy Adventure, Words: 55k+, Favs: 1, Follows: 2, Published: Apr 12 Updated: 1h ago Chapter 2: The first link PART 1- This is the world we made. 25 years ago: The crunch of foliage under his boots was the only sound for miles, as the knight Siegfried marched through the woodlands on a lone patrol. His sword was sheathed and on his hip as he pushed aside bushes and low hanging branches. Blasted nettles he cursed as he pushed through a bush, relying on his steel armor to protect him. Why do they even send us on patrol anyway? He rambled to himself Every evil thing that crawls, walks, slithers, swims or flies on this planet has been quiet. He was jolted out of his thoughts by a piercing scream that echoed throughout the woodlands and in three seconds, just like he was trained: his sword was out, his shield was in his right hand, and his visor was down. This was done as a second scream pierced his ears. Siegfried ran in the direction of the scream knocking bushes and vines away with his weapons. The scream came from a young elven woman, who currently was surrounded by a pack of trolls and they snarled at her and waved their weapons in her direction. The elven woman was covered in bruises and was struggling to stand on her legs. She held a dagger in a shaky hand with fear written on her pretty features. The trolls advanced in her direction

Why People Arent Talking About Sat Essay Writing Test Samples Two Approaches

Why People Aren't Talking About Sat Essay Writing Test Samples Two Approaches The Hidden Facts About Sat Essay Writing Test Samples Two Approaches Humans aren't blank slates. Lucky for you, here's a guide to achieve your optimum essay score. With that your vocabulary increases substainally. Since you may read articles from the exact same sources the SAT gets material from. The SAT instructions request an analysis of the way in which a persuasive bit of writing was put together. Sparsed in between, perhaps a term paper and a few vocabulary quizzes. It's far, far less difficult to compose an introduction when you understand what you're introducing. Most applications will ask for a minumum of one recommendation from somebody who knows you well. A couple of sentences to draw your reader in, followed by a couple of sentences with your principal argument and supporting examples are lots. When it is, don't use the example when you run across a similar prompt. A great argument is a basic numbers game with a very clear winner. Quitting teaching isn't as simple as refreshing your LinkedIn and searching for a new gig. From time to time, you will need to compare two distinct ideas that contradict one another. Sample answe rs with commentary is going to be given in a subsequent post. It is advisable to begin preparation well ahead of time of the test date. Both timings are great to get ready for your exams to find fantastic scores. No longer is it at the start of the test. Prepare in Advance Ultimately, the SAT is intended to find out whether or not you have the important thinking abilities and base knowledge to be effective in college. Advanced math or an extensive vocabulary are nearly not possible to learn in under a week of preparation. For a fee, you can make certain the university doesn't observe the score. If students are not sure of which test is best for them, they need to come take a FULL mock exam. All students are aware there isn't any talking allowed during the exam, but they are able to whisper in a secret method to some other student to acquire a needed answer. Cross off just a couple of wrong answers, and the right answer gets more obvious. Your essay rating will appear on every score report you send to colleges, irrespective of whether the school demands an essay. Learn more about the way the essay is scored. If you wish to practice the new SAT essay, excellent news! What You Need to Know About Sat Essay Writing Test Samples Two Approaches No matter your wealth, Moon Prep counselors feel there are moral standards our profession must follow, and affluent students and their parents ought to be held to the exact same admission standards as everyone else. Converse with your guidance counselor if you're still attending high school. The examiners are students previously and they know a good deal of students' tricks. In that case, my students are in for a huge trouble. The very truth that continuation schools exist proves the point that lots of children simply cannot cope with the demands of homework or other facets of routine school. This past year, however, you tried that. Frankly, junior year can be too late to intervene if there's a matter. My final year was surreal and was the very best year of my career.

Frankenstein - Commentary free essay sample

‘Frankenstein’ Commentary The extract from ‘Frankenstein’ by Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley is a narrative of Victor Frankenstein, a scientist, who has created life from dead matter. He has made a promise to his creature that he would create another monster – a female – for his companionship. He has been working hard on this task alone in his laboratory. Victor contemplates the ramifications of his work on society. He fears that the new monster may become wicked and treacherous, maybe even worse than his first creation. He looks out the window and sees his monster, who had followed him everywhere to make sure he fulfilled his promise. Seeing the look of malice on the monster’s face and becoming aghast with the fact that he might create a race of monsters, Victor Frankenstein tears up the project he is working on. The extract concludes with a mysterious figure rowing a boat up to Victor’s house and quietly entering though the front door. We will write a custom essay sample on Frankenstein Commentary or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The events of this extract are set in an isolated laboratory, possibly located on an island, in Europe. The laboratory itself is situated by the seaside, which is made clear by the line: ‘A few fishing vessels alone speckled the water’. In this context, the laboratory setting conveys an eerie atmosphere because the narrator is working on an abnormal experiment; his work is for his own purposes rather than for the good of mankind. In fact, his work may very well be the opposite. The setting of the passage provides a cold, gloomy atmosphere which complements the dark and foreboding nature of the story. The title of the novel is worth mentioning: Frankenstein; or The Modern Prometheus. There is a common misconception in popular culture that the monster’s name is Frankenstein, however in Mary Shelley’s novel Victor Frankenstein is the name of the scientist and his monster is unnamed, a symbol of his lack of human sense and identity. Characterization is especially significant to appreciating this piece. The character of Victor Frankenstein is an intelligent and curious scientist. Most of his time is spent alone and isolated from society, which makes him eel lonely and friendless – ‘none were near me to dissipate the gloom’. He has gone beyond the accepted boundaries within scientific experimentation and because of this, he has created a dangerous monster. Deep down, he does have morals – indicated when he states that his creation ‘had desolated my heart, and filled it for ever with the bitterest remorse. ’ He understands the impact of what he has done, and his guilt makes it impossible for him to create a second monster: ‘I made a solemn vow in my own heart never to resume my labours’. The daemon (monster) is introduced through the narrator reflecting on a past experience. The narrator recalls that he has created a ‘fiend’, a devilish creature who was ‘unparallel [in] barbarity’. This further reinforces the repulsive appearance of the creature. Even the monster himself realizes his physical grotesqueness, and ‘loathed his own deformity’. This indicates that he understands what he is and realizes that he is different from normal humans. He is driven by this loneliness and despair to become treacherous. He forces his creator to produce another monster as a companion to ease his solitude, uttering ‘fiendish threats’ and following Victor Frankenstein in his travels to ensure he did not break his promise. The female version of the monster which the scientist is working on does not yet have life or a personality but the scientist predicts what her characteristics may be. He fears that she may ‘become ten thousand times more malignant than her mate, and delight, for its own sake, in murder and wretchedness’. This indicates the unpredictable nature of Frankenstein’s experiments as the creator himself does not know exactly how the creation will turn out. Frankenstein fears that the female creature might turn away in disgust from her mate to the superior beauty of man; which would mean that she had not fulfilled the purpose of her creation in the first place. Then the scientist’s thoughts turn to the worst. He contemplate what would happen if, due to his creation of a mate for his monster, a ‘race of devils would be propagated upon the earth’. Unable to bear the burden of inflicting this curse on future generations, Victor Frankenstein destroys the female creature in a heat of passion. The first monster sees him do this, and with a howl of ‘devilish despair and revenge’, he disappears. This clever use of alliteration emphasizes the true extent of the monster’s loneliness and his thirst for vengeance. It also serves to quicken the pace of the narrative as the reader is prepared for a climax. The structure of the extract also prepares the reader for a climax. The longest paragraph is the first one; it provides the background information and descriptive details concerning the situation. After that the paragraphs slowly get shorter and shorter. This quickens the pace of the prose and indicates that something dramatic is about to happen. Shelley employs a persona of Victor Frankenstein who relates this story in first person narrative. From this viewpoint, it is clear that the tone of the passage also changes as it progresses. In the first paragraph there is a tone of disgust for his creation and also remorse for creating it in the first place. The second paragraph introduces a tone of fear at the impact of his experimentation. This tone of fear continues as he spots the monster he gave life to; and as he remembers his promise. As the passage reaches the end, this sense of terror and alarm is intensified and the reader is left with an image of someone entering the scientist’s apartment. The second last paragraph in this extract conveys a calm, quiet scene which surrounds a serene atmosphere. The author employs personification to describe the scene: ‘all nature reposed under the eye of the quiet moon’ which emphasizes the peaceful surroundings. The mention of a ‘gentle breeze’ lulls the reader into a relaxing state of mind before exposing the frantic, dramatic events that are to come. By doing this, the author has made sure that the climatic paragraphs that follow have the maximum effect on the reader. The final paragraph leaves the reader with a chilling sense of foreboding. Victor states: ‘I felt a presentiment of who it was †¦ I was overcome by the sensation of helplessness’. This prepares the reader for the encounter with the intruder. The reader may guess that it is Frankenstein’s monster that has broken into his house. The extract from Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein reveals the story of a man’s thirst for knowledge which results in a monstrous creation that goes against the laws of nature. Through the use of vivid description and clever narrative style, Shelley brings to light the moral dilemma that a scientist is faced with. He eventually does the right thing but what he has done in the past will not go unpunished. Essentially, Frankenstein teaches us that there are some things that human beings should never attempt. By: Tarannum Laskar

Maturity Levels In Characters Essay Example For Students

Maturity Levels In Characters Essay Maturity levels increase and decrease in characters in works of literature and also throughout ones real life. Its hard for the maturity level of the person to stay the same. Ron Jones The Acorn People, The Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams, A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens and The Loved One by Evelyn Waugh clearly show the degree of maturity in characters in a work of literature. Ron Jones in The Acorn People shows a low maturity level when first arriving at the summer camp, but later his maturity level increased into a higher level. Laura Wingfields character in The Glass Menagerie was extremely shy throughout most of the play. By the end of the play, Laura was able to hold a conversation with her old crush, Jim OConnor. Sydney Carton of A Tale of Two Cities showed a rise is his maturity level when he took the place of Charles Darnay in the prison cell so that Lucie (Sydneys true love) would be able to be with her husband. Aimee Thanatogenos of The Loved One. A person can be described as mature when he or she has grown physically and mentally, and has demonstrated the ability to be responsible for his/her actions. Whether its an increase or decrease of maturity level, a change in it always shows a change in character and attitude. Ron Jones maturity level rocketed after he became a camp counselor at Camp Wiggin and he also had a major attitude change along with that. Ron had placed himself in the camp counselor position merely for a good-paying job. In college he was an athlete, and playing with kids all day, swimming, and taking long hikes had also drawn him to the job. Little did he know this session of camp, was for the handicapped kids. Ron, along with the other counselors, were not trained for these kinds of tasks that they had to deal with, with the disabled kids and by the end of the first afternoon- Ron wanted out. His attitude was negative towards the situation he was put in and he felt that he would not be able to get close with these kids. The next day was better for him and throughout the next few days he slowly got to know and love the kids. Ron came to realize that this camp was a place for children and their expectations and fantasies for life(46), no matter if they were handicapped or not. Ron Jones maturity level grew and grew each day as he worked with these kids. By the end of that session of camp he had a complete attitude change and his degree of maturity had increased a great deal. That change for Ron Jones was a change only for the good, just as Laura Wingfields was. The character of Laura Wingfield definitely showed an obvious increase of maturity level in the play, The Glass Menagerie. Laura was an extremely shy girl, it was a kind of sickness she had. Her mother sent her to Rubicams Business College in hopes that Laura would be able to hold a job and not have to depend on a husband. The class terrified her to the point of making her physically ill so Laura stopped going to the class. She did not have the maturity level of an adult and was not able to handle a simple situation such as that one. Another sign of a low maturity level was Lauras collection of glass menagerie. A girl in her late 20s owning a collection of glass menagerie is quite particular, and not very common, but Laura had one! Laura found out that there was to be a gentleman caller one night and she became extremely nervous, but when she then found out this gentleman caller was Jim OConnor and old high-school crush she couldnt handle it. She could barely even open the door for Jim and Tom when they were trying to enter the house. SATIRE AND THE SIMPSONS EssayOConnor and old high-school crush she couldnt handle it. She could barely even open the door for Jim and Tom when they were trying to enter the house. While Tom, Jim, and Amanda ate dinner together, Laura laid on the couch because seeing her old crush made her feel ill. Soon, after dinner, Jim joined Laura for a little conversation and which in the beginning she was incredibly quiet but then loosened up to him. She began talking and soon enough they kissed! Laura engaging in a conversation with her old crush showed a significant increase in her maturity level. She did not faint during it or become physically sick, and she even had some fun .

How to Find the Best Peter Pan Essay Topics

How to Find the Best Peter Pan Essay TopicsWhat you are looking for in your Peter Pan essay topics is that you will be finding one that suits your topic and can be a memorable experience for the reader. How can you select the best essay topics? How do you decide what topics to include in your essay? Is there anything you should avoid when choosing a topic?Well, first of all, you must understand the audience you are writing to. This will determine if the topic is right for you or not. So be clear about this and let yourself go with your gut feeling, it will be better on your part.Another thing you must look at when selecting your Peter Pan essay topics is how much material you can fit into one article. Generally, there is only enough material to fill three to four articles on the topic. This means you should be aiming for a short and crisp story that includes an interesting ending.One of the reasons why Peter Pan has such a hold on children today is that he is known as a very popular character. You may wonder why this is. Well, kids love movies, and they will pick out whatever they want to watch. Children love Peter Pan and want to know more about him.Many parents pick up these topics and put them on their child's picture books. In short, if you want to find a good topic, you need to find one that has something to do with kids. This will set the whole piece apart from other subjects.Another thing to look for when it comes to Peter Pan essay topics is that you must not over-do it. Too much information can cause boredom and confusion in the reader. If you get too serious, they will get tired and decide to skip the rest of the essay. So try to keep the topics light and the style simple.It is not difficult to find topics, but you need to think about how interesting the topic will be to the readers and how they will enjoy it. This will help in finding the perfect topic for your Peter Pan essay. You need to remember that Peter Pan is not really a superhero who goes ou t and rescues poor children from danger. He's a boy who falls asleep one night and wakes up as a boy again.

Ways to Free Your Creativity in Writing

Jon D, Rockefeller essays

Jon D, Rockefeller essays John D. Rockefeller created the empire of Standard Oil. His firm grasp of business and his determination to do whatever it took to succeed and be the king of oil propelled him to great heights. But how did he get to the top? After Rockefeller left his job as a bookkeeper in 1859 to seek his own fortune, he joined forces with an Englishman named Marcie Clark. They formed a business as merchants in grain, hay, meat, and other goods. Taking advantage of the extra business that the war gave them, the firm flourished . In four short years, the Clark and Rockefeller Co. made great profits. However, our young John wasn't willing to sit back and relax in just one prosperous venture, the oil business was calling him. Rebates were given as a bonus for giving the railroads big business.{ "The published rates were charged to smaller independent businesses and a lower unpublished rate was charged to big suppliers."} In addition to this price break, the big firms were also given part of the higher prices charged to the smaller companies. Through this, smaller businesses were driven out of the market because they couldn't make as much profit as the larger companies. The strength of Rockefeller's business was in his ability to overpower any competition. He was bigger, stronger, and wealthier than anyone he came in competition with, he could simply starve them out of business. His success was due to the fact that he had a tremendous desire for achievement and the skills to take him there. He was a master of the business that he ran. He chose the best managers, saved money by being efficient in every area of operation and took any necessary steps to control the market. His plants and his company were simply the biggest and the best. By 1900, Standard Oil was in near complete control of the oil industry, controlling 90% of the United States total oil output. This success came at others expense though, and it was catch...

Product and Branding Strategies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Product and Branding Strategies - Essay Example But overall the two main competitors of BMW are Mercedes and Lexus (Carscoop 2011) All these names are of the luxury car manufacturers. The reason that BMW automobiles are different from its competitors’ vehicles is that BMW offers a wide range of vehicles from luxury to sports cars. BMW vehicles are different on the basis of its design. BMW vehicles are designed keeping in mind the biasness towards sports, whereas Mercedes are designed keeping in mind the comfort and luxury attributes. Innovation rate at BMW is high as compared to the competitors. It has several series or categories of vehicles unlike other vehicle brands e.g. z-series, x-series etc. Brand personality of BMW is of a person who is mobile, wants recognition and freedom. The person wants to be considered important by others. He wants the people to look at him. He is a symbol of status. This refers to the recognition trait of the personality. The freedom trait refers to that the person is free and can go beyond t he boundaries anywhere it wants. He wants fun and looks for adventure (Freeman.David 2006) Consumers have a deep relationship with the brand of BMW. This relationship is significant because consumers do not buy this brand only because it performs well but also because it adds meaning to their lives (Fournier.Susan 1998) Consumers associate themselves with the BMW vehicles personally. IT can be explained simply by saying that a consumer can buy other automobile brands as well which performs well and is of high quality but they prefer BMW vehicles because it has more meaning attached to it. Consumers get more than just a better performing automobile. People relate to the brands they buy. The consumer relationship with the BMW vehicles will lie under the typology of â€Å"Best Friend† and â€Å"Kinship† (Fournier.Susan 1998) Some consumers consider BMW vehicles as an important part of their personal and professional lives and many others buy the brand just because some re lative have been using it. BMW have a huge customer loyalty. People who drive BMW vehicles hardly switch to other vehicle brands. A reason for this customer loyalty is that BMW is a luxury brand; not everyone can afford it. Anyone who will make this huge investment in the purchase of a BMW vehicle will somehow be loyal to the brand; otherwise he could have made a decision of purchasing some other luxury car brand. Another reason for this customer loyalty is that BMW vehicles give a lifetime value to its customers, though some of its competitors have greater customer loyalty. BMW’s target market include of those people who want to buy luxury cars, who have high incomes. BMW is basically targeting a niche market. It has differentiated its vehicles and targets them to the niche market of people who are status conscious and who can afford to buy luxury items. The target market comprises of the people who are sporty and look for adventure and BMW sports cars are the best means of fulfilling their desire of sports and adventure. The target market of the brand relates quite well to the brand personality. There is a fit between the target market and the brand personality of BMW. BMW is an already established brand which requires less marketing efforts. But still some marketing efforts need to be put in to market the upcoming products and to instate the recall of the current vehicles in the minds of the consumers. BMW has well defined brand personality and the target market, so it can make the best decision about

Changes in Family and Personal Finances in the Last Generations Essay

Changes in Family and Personal Finances in the Last Generations - Essay Example Political factors such as the Cold War and political tensions globally also affected their productivity and participation in economic activities, which in turn affected their financial status. These people benefited from the social and political stability witnessed from 1970-2000. Personal and family finances of people of generation Y have changed because of changes in government policies, information technology and globalization. Most generation X families relied on one paycheck. This means that only one spouse engaged in economic activities. Though these families relied on one paycheck, they spent 54 percent of their income. Spending was mainly concentrated on fixed expenses such as insurance, mortgage, food and loans. Conversely, most generation Y families have both families working. These families spend 75 percent of their earning on fixed expenses (Warren and Tyagi 20). The spending trends of generation X and generation Y are important because they show that generation Y is more financially vulnerable than their counterparts of generation X. In case of uncertainties such as illnesses and job loss, people of generation X could easily cut back on their spending. These families used 54 percent of their income on fixed expenses and 46 percent on discretionary spending such as fashion and vacation. They could easily cut back on these spending in order to ensure that they overcome the uncertainty. A generation ago, families could address setbacks such as illnesses and job loss by cutting back on their spending. 54 percent of the income of these families was used on fixed expenses.

SNPs of ABCG2 in Chinese Advanced NSCLC Patients

SNPs of ABCG2 in Chinese Advanced NSCLC Patients Introduction Lung cancer is one of the most prevalent and fatal malignant neoplasm all over the world and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for 80%–85% of all lung cancers(1). The majority of NSCLC patients, approximately 80%, presents in locally advanced (phase IIIA/B) or metastatic (phase IV) stages, which results in quite low 5-year survival rates, 8-14.1% for phase IIIA and 1-5% for phase IIIAB/IV (2). The standard treatment of advanced NSCLC, two-drug chemotherapy based on platinum, has reached a bottleneck with limited effect. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), a targeted drug of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), have been recently introduced for the treatment of NSCLC. Clinical trials indicated that Gefitinib and Erlotinib treating advanced NSCLC patients with EGFR mutation could result a remission rate of 62.1%~84.6% and progression-free survival (PFS) of 8.4~13.1 months, which are significantly higher than that in chemotherapy group (32.2%~47.3% and 4.6~6.7 months , respectively), but not over survival(3-6). In order to implement accurate treatment of both chemotherapy and targeted therapy, it’s urgent to find other predictive targets of NSCLC patients to stratify for treatment. ATP binding cassette superfamily G member 2 (ABCG2), also known as breast cancer resistance protein, was demonstrated to be associated with the effect and prognosis of chemotherapy/targeted therapy in NSCLC (7-9). Because the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of ABCG2 are supposed to affect the expression of ABCG2 protein and SNPs of ABCG2 in Asian population are different from other ethnicities (10), we conducted this study to evaluate the SNPs of ABCG2 in Chinese advanced NSCLC patients and its association with their prognosis of TKI therapy. Materials and methods Patients and treatment A total of 100 patients with pathology and cytology confirmed advanced or metastatic NSCLC were enrolled into this study between April 2012 and January 2014 in Hangzhou, China. The mutation of EGFR gene was assessable in 32 patients. Other patients were not assessed EGFR mutation. TKI targeted therapy was implemented in 70 NSCLC patients and other therapy was implemented in the other 30 patients. Patients with TKI targeted therapy were treated with Gefitnid (Astrazeneca pharmaceutical co., LTD) at a dose of 250 mg/day or Erlotinib (Roche pharmaceuticals co., LTD) at a dose of 150 mg/day or Icotinib (Zhejiang beida pharmaceutical co., LTD) at a dose of 375 mg/day. The patients’ characteristics were detailed in Table 1. All patients received chest CT every two months after 1 month of therapy. The efficacy of TKI therapy was clarified as complete response (CR), partial response (PR), stable disease (SD) and progression disease (PD) according to RECIST 1.1 [1]. Patients with CR or PR at more than 6 months were considered as responders. Patients with SD and PD at less than 6 months were considered as nonresponders.[A1] Progression-free survival (PFS) was defined as the duration from TKI therapy to disease progression. Overall survival (OS) was defined as the duration from diagnosis to death from any cause. All patients agreed to participate in this study and signed written informed consent. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Nanjing Medical University and performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and Good Clinical Practice guidelines[A2]. DNA extraction Blood samples were collected before chemotherapy and kept in a microcentrifuge tubes containing ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA). Genomic DNA was extracted using a DNA purification kit (Flexi Gene DNA Kit, Qiagen, Hilden, Germany). The concentration of genomic DNA was determined with NanoDrop 1000 (Thermo Scientific, Wilmington, USA) and then it was diluted to a standard of 25 ng/ÃŽ ¼l. Analysis of ABCG2 polymorphisms The ABCG2 34 G/A (dbSNP ID: rs2231137), 421 C/A (dbSNP ID: rs 2231142), 1143 C/T (dbSNP ID: rs2622604) and -15622 C/T (dbSNP ID: rs7699188) polymorphisms were amplified by PCR with the appropriate primers. The primers for PCR and single base extension (Table 2) were designed by the Sequenom Assay Designer 3.1 Software (San Diego, CA). The PCR reactions[A3] were performed at 95 °C for 2 min, followed by 40 cycles at 95 °C for 30 s, Tm for 30 s, and 72 °C for 60 s. After PCR amplification, single base extension reaction was performed following the method of Wiltshire et al [2]. Finally, polymorphisms of ABCG2 gene were tested and analyzed using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization timeof-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and Sequenom MassARRAY system (Sequenom, San Diego, CA, USA). Statistical analysis Allele frequencies of SNPs were calculated and their genotype distributions were assessed using Fisher’s exact test or chi-square test. PFS and OS were evaluated with censored survival time methods and 95% confidence intervals (CI) was obtained from multivariable logistic regression. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were plotted for OS and analyzed with log-rank test. All tests were performed 2-sided and a p-value were carried out using SPSS 18.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) software. Results ABCG2 gene polymorphisms The genotyping of ABCG2 34 G/A, 421 C/A, 1143 C/T and -15622 C/T were performed in all these 100 patients. For the ABCG2 34 G/A polymorphism, the frequencies of GG, GA and AA genotypes were 36%, 50% and 14%, respectively. The allele frequencies of G and A were 61% and 39%, respectively. The wide-type ABCG2 421 C/A genotype (CC) had a frequency of 53%, while the CA and AA genotypes were found in 43% and 4% of the patients, respectively. The allele frequencies of G and A were 74.5% and 25.5%, respectively. The frequencies of CC, CT and TT genotypes for ABCG2 1143 C/T were 66%, 29% and 5%, respectively. The allele frequencies of G and A were 80.5% and 19.5%, respectively. Regarding the ABCG2 -15622 C/T polymorphism, the TT genotype was observed in all patients. Therefore, polymorphism of ABCG2 -15622 C/T was not investigated in the following steps. Polymorphisms of ABCG2 and clinical characteristics Patients clinical characteristics were shown in Table 1, and the relationship between polymorphisms of ABCG2 and clinical characteristics were presented in Table 3. No significant correlations were found between ABCG2 polymorphisms (34 G/A, 421 C/A and 1143 C/T) and patients’ characteristics, including gender, age, smoking history, histology and EGFR mutation (p > 0.05). Although there was no significant relationship between ABCG2 421 C/A polymorphism and EGFR mutation, a trend that CA genotype was observed frequently in EGFR mutation positive patients (47.6% in positive patients vs. 18.2% in negative patients, p = 0.119). Then we calculated the allele frequency of A in these patients and a high frequency of allele A in positive patients (33.3% vs. 9.1%, p = 0.038) was observed. Polymorphisms of ABCG2 and clinical outcome of TKI The sensitivity of 70 patients to TKI treatment was shown in Table 4. NO significant correlation was found between ABCG2 polymorphisms (34 G/A, 421 C/A and 1143 C/T) and sensitivity (p > 0.05). As shown in Table 4, median PFS for carriers of the A-allele and GG genotype at position 34 of the ABCG2 gene who were treated with TKI therapy was 8.0 months (95% CI: 5.9-10.1, n = 45) and 6.5 months (95% CI: 4.1-8.9, n = 25), respectively. There was no significant difference in median PFS of NSCLC patients receiving TKI therapy between CC genotype and CA + AA genotype at position 421 of ABCG2 gene (p > 0.05). Median PFS of patients with CC genotype at position 1143 of ABCG2 gene was higher than those with CT and TT genotypes, but no significant difference was found (p > 0.05). The median OS of patients with ABCG2 34 G/A, 421 C/A, 1143 C/T polymorphisms was shown in Table 4. The median OS of patients with GG genotype at position 34 of the ABCG2 gene was 18 months (95% CI: 14.9-21.1, n = 25) and for those with other genotypes (GA and AA) was 31 months (95% CI: 22.9-39.1, n = 45). Figure 1 showed the Kaplan-Meier curve for OS for NSCLC patients receiving TKI therapy in relation to ABCG2 genotypes at 34 G/A (Figure 1A), 421 C/A (Figure 1B) and 1143 C/T (Figure 1C). There was significant difference between patients with GG genotype and those with GA + AA genotypes at position 34 of the ABCG2 gene (p difference between patients that were CC genotype regarding the position 421 of ABCG2 gene and carriers with other genotypes (CA + AA, p > 0.05). No significant difference was found in 1143 C/T polymorphism (p > 0.05). Discussion Our present study observed that three polymorphisms of ABCG2, 34G>A, 421C>A and 1143C>T occured more frequently compared with -15622C>T in Chinese advanced NSCLC patients. As for -15622C>T, all patients presented a TT genotype. Although no relationships were observed between different genotypes of ABCG2 polymorphisms and EGFR status, a higher frequency of allele A (421C>A) in EGFR mutation positive patients was observed. The other polymorphisms were not related to clinical characteristics. The sensitivity and PFS to TKI of 70 patients was not related to polymorphisms. However, the OS of patients with 34G>A mutant type (GA+AA) was significantly longer than those with wild type (GG). The ABCG2 protein is an important member of the ABC transporter superfamily, which has been suggested to be involved in multi-drug resistance (MDR) in cancer. Screening for SNPs in ethnically diverse subjects has identified more than 80 synonymous and nonsynonymous SNPs in the ABCG2 gene to date (12). The two most frequent polymorphisms identified were 34G>A (resulting in V12M) and 421C>A (resulting in a Q141K substitution) transitions (13). A novel diplotype of two polymorphic loci in the ABCG2 promoter involving -15622C>T and 1143C>T were identified recently (14). Introduction of other ABCG2 SNPs can be found in a recent review (15). Despite the similar allele frequency of 421C>A variant among East Asian populations including Chinese (34.2–35.0%) and Japanese (26.6–35.0%), the allele frequency is higher than that of Southeast Asians (15.0%), Middle Easterns (13.0%), Caucasians (8.7–12.0%) and African-Americans (2.3%) (10). Similarly, the allele frequency of the 34G>A variant in Chinese (20.0%), Koreans (19.8%) and Japanese (15.0-19.0%) is comparable. However, it is much lower than that in Southeast Asians (45%) and higher than other ethnic groups including Caucasian (1.7–10.3%), African-American (6.3%) and Middle Eastern (5.0%) populations (10). The allele frequency of 421C>A variant in our studied population was 25.5%, which was comparable to other Asian populations. However, the allele frequency of 34G>A variant was 39.0%, which was higher than other reports from Asian populations. We found that the allele frequency of 1143C>T variant and -15622C>T variant in our study was 19.5% and 100%, respectively. In Caucasians, it was reported to be 22% and 28%, respectively (16). We unexpectedly observed that all the included patients presented TT genotype of -15622C>T. As far as we known, this gene has not been investigated in other Asian populations. Future studies could be conducted to determine the polymorphism of -15622C>T in Asian po pulation and its potential impact. Physiologically, ABCG2 protein is highly expressed in the blood-brain barrier and gastrointestinal tract, where it is thought to play a role in protection against xenobiotic exposure. High ABCG2 expression has also been found in a variety of tumors and correlated with multidrug resistance and poorer clinical outcomes, as this transporter has the ability to extrude its drug substrates out of the cells, thereby decreasing their intracellular accumulation (17, 18)[16]. Primary structural variations of ABCG2 are associated with its drug-transporter function (15). Therefore, SNPs in the ABCG2 gene would influence the pharmacological effects differently in different patients. It has been demonstrated that 421C>A polymorphisms may express low amounts of ABCG2 (19-22) while the influence of 34G>A polymorphisms on ABCG2 expression remains controversial (22, 23). And regarding to 1143C>T and -15622C>T, some researchers found a decreased protein expression related to these two polymorphisms (21 ) and others found no relation between them (24). Moreover, 421C>A polymorphism has been demonstrated to be associated with ATPase activity and drug transport (18). Thus, several clinical studies have investigated the relation between ABCG2 polymorphism and clinical outcome of NSCLC. Mà ¼ller and colleagues (25) found that carriers of the ABCG2 421 A-allele treated with platinum-based drugs showed a significantly worse OS in all lung cancer patients. However, this effect was not statistically significant in the smaller subgroups of SCLC patients or NSCLC patients with platinum-based treatment. They did not found an association between 34G>A polymorphism and prognosis. Another study of 129 unresectable NSCLC cases treated with first-line platinum-based chemotherapy suggested that ABCG2 SNPs rs2725264 and rs4148149 were associated with OS (26). On the other side, there was also evidence showing that ABCG2 polymorphisms were not related to response or prognosis of NSCLC patients treated with gefitinib (24), erlotinib (27) and gemcitabine and/or platinum-based drugs and/or other drugs (28). In our present study, we found the OS of patients with 34G >A mutant type (GA+AA) was significantly longer than those with wild type (GG). However, we did not observe significant differences concerning other polymorphisms including 421C>A, which was found to be associated with prognosis of other cancer by other study (29). Interestingly, it was reported that ABCG2 34 GA/AA genotypes were associated with poor prognosis of Chinese patients with acute leukaemia (30). Polymorphisms of 34G>A seems to have an opposite impact in different types of cancer. The mechanisms are worthy to be investigated in future large studies. Moreover, ABCG2 SNPs was demonstrated not only related to TKI resistance, but also to TKI induced side effects. Cusatis and colleaguesinvestigated associations between allelic variants ofABCG2 with diarrhea and skin toxicity ingefitinib-treated patients. They found that 16 patients heterozygous forABCG2 421C>A developed diarrhea, versus only 13 (12%) of 108 patients homozygous for the wild-type sequence. However, this SNP was not associated with skin toxicity (28). A recent study found that patientscarrying anABCG2 -15622 TT genotype or harboring at least one TT copy in theABCG2 (1143CT, -15622CT) haplotype developed significantly more grade 2/3 diarrhea (23). In our present study, we did not perform the analysis on side effects. However, this is a serious concern which should be taken into consideration in future studies. In Conclusion, Our findings demonstrate a strong association between the ABCG2 34G>A polymorphism and the overall survival of NSCLC patients treated with TKIs, including Gefitnib, Erlotinib and Icotinib. Since these polymorphisms can be assessed with a simple blood test, it might potentially improve the stratification of patients for TKI treatment by identifying genetically high-response subgroups. Therefore, larger prospective trials are warranted to validate these findings. [A3]The PCR reactions were performed in 20 ÃŽ ¼l volumes on 384-well plates (cat. No. TF-0384/W, ABgene, USA) with 20 ng DNA, 10 pmol for each primer and 1 Ãâ€" PCR-Buffer (Sequenom, San Diego, CA, USA). à §Ã‚ ¼Ã‚ ºÃƒ ¤Ã‚ ¸Ã…“à ¨Ã‚ ¥Ã‚ ¿Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡

War from Myceneans to Rome Essay -- essays research papers

WAR FROM MYCENEANS TO ROME The modern day soldier did not arrive at the current level of training methods overnight. Throughout history warfare techniques and strategies have evolved from the earliest primitive battles to the latest technologies. The only way to learn about war is to study the past engagements and lessons learned. There are nine principles of war as follows: Objective, Offensive, Mass, Economy of force, Maneuver, Unity of command, Security, Surprise, and Simplicity. These are the areas of study in order to gain a better understanding of what to do and what to avoid during any engagement.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The battles from yesterday differ from those in recent years and today, because the more primitive cultures fought under their leader for food, territory, or the domination of another group. Today’s motives are based more on economic, political, or social reasons regarded as appropriate by a group of individuals instead of the thoughts or intentions of one man.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mainland Greece is the first study of warfare in the selected readings and by 1600 B.C. a civilization emerged from the Hellas culture and the Minoan culture. This group, known as the Myceneans, fought using chariots and armor made of bronze. By the eighth century B.C., the Myceneans art of war consisted of the phalanx. The phalanx was a solid rectangle of infantrymen carrying armor and spears eight deep. When an army approached another army the phalanxes of both sides would come head to head. The soldiers, who were normally citizens not professional soldiers, would find themselves in the midst of blood and sweat pouring out of the bodies surrounding them from the hand to hand combat. The only way of victory was to hold the lines strong and fight until the other side fled. The problems with this type of formation was that there was no overall leadership within the phalanx, no reserve was established to outflank the opposing army, and there was no way to pursue the fleeing enemy, left them capable to heal and fight another day.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The technique of phalanx had not changed for some time and the Greek warfare stayed the same due to no major opposition force that used different techniques against Greek system. The phalanx was also used because it was a proven technique that had been tested and used successfully. O... ...diterranean, Hannibal moved to engage the Romans and almost conquered them at Cannae (216 B.C.), where the largest Roman army was surrounded, enveloped, and destroyed. The Romans needed military leadership to outwit Hannibal and found it in Scipio.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Scipio made the maniples stronger than ever and increased the amount of horsemen in the cavalry to solve the problem that the Romans had against Hannibal. By using adapting techniques to envelop and control sea power, Scipio was able to defeat Carthage at the battle of Zama (202 B.C.), and thus the Romans were ready to expand their empire from Spain to Asia Minor and from Britain to Northern Africa.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   SOURCES USED Preston, Richard A., Alex Roland, and Sydney F. Wise. Men In Arms: A History of Warfare and its interrelationships With Western Society. (Belmont, California:Wadsworth/ Thomson Learning, 2001). Chap 1-3 Warry, John. Warfare in the Classical World: An Illustrated Encyclopedia of Weapons, Warriors, and Warfare in the Ancient Civilisations of Greece and Rome. (Norman, Oklahoma:University of Oklahoma Press, 1995). Chap 1-13